Thursday, 29 September 2011

Male and Female Stereotypes


Gabrielle Solis

Gabrielle Solis from Desperate Housewives follows the stereotypical female in a TV drama as firstly, it is obvious that she cares about her appearance as she wears a lot of make-up ( foundation, eye shadow, lip gloss, mascara etc.) her hair is expertly styled without a hair out of place and her clothes are mainly designer which she only wears once. The look she has in this picture seems like natural glamour, causing her to not look too over done, but at the same time emphasises her ‘natural’ beauty which causes both sexes to want to look at her: women as they want to be her and me as they see her as attractive. She also lives in a nice house in a nice neighbourhood where she spends the day with her socialising with her friends, while her husband goes to work, causing her to fit the female stereotype as she’s a mother and a housewife who doesn’t do anything while her husband is away, thus also causing her to look like a bimbo (another stereotypical view) as she would rather sit at home looking after her children and generally doing nothing, than actually go out to work. Another point that stresses the fact that she’s a ‘bimbo’ is that she usually doesn’t know how things in life work and sometimes insults people without thinking through what she’s saying. Even throughout the series we learn that she was raped as a child, causing her to appear weak and vulnerable, yet she also uses her appearance to her advantage as she seduced a fashion photographer and became a successful model. The camera angle used for this photo is a mid shot where it appears the she has her hands on her hip which emphasises her curves and her sexual appeal; the camera angle is slightly higher than her giving the impression that she’s slightly vulnerable, but her natural glamour hides this fact slightly.




Rory Gilmore
Rory Gilmore from Gilmore Girls challenges the female stereotypical image in a TV drama as firstly both her and her mother are the main roles in the TV drama, which is extremely rare in TV dramas as when traditionally it’s the males who have the main starring role. Also, if you look at her clothing, you notice that it’s smart but not overly fashionable, which is a typical stereotype, and is smart as she’s wearing a blazer/jacket and a blouse, yet it’s not too masculine, so the outfit is challenging the stereotype, but not completely. She also comes from a sleepy village in Connecticut and lives with her single-mother, where she spends most of her time studying as she wants to go to an Ivy League college, instead of lounging around town doing nothing and acting like a bimbo, causing her to be self-driven. Additionally, you can tell that she’s also naturally pretty like Gabrielle Solis, yet she doesn’t use it to her advantage, and as she’s pretty you would expect her to have a continuous string of boyfriends which follows the stereotype, but she doesn’t; she has one continuous boyfriend for two years and another later for three years at college, showing maturity as well as the fact that she’s independent as doesn’t need to rely on men to look after her and certainly doesn’t expect to be a housewife waiting on her husband on children as in one of the episodes she explained that she found it unfair and wrong. She’s also not afraid to voice her opinions on subjects that she’s passionate about, causing her to be empowering and mentally strong. The camera angle used for this shot is a mid shot and level with her, which causes her to be metaphorically on the same level as the viewer or audience and connotes the idea that she’s level with the ‘male gaze’, and not being portrayed under it with a high-angle shot which would cause her to look vulnerable and inferior, which is another female stereotype. She’s also looking down slightly, thus connoting the idea that the males who would look at her because she is attractive are inferior to her and less powerful.












James Cook

Cook from skins follows the stereotypical male in TV dramas as firstly he’s quite strong as he’s always getting into fights thus supporting the idea that males are mainly physically aggressive and think with their fists, which connotes the idea that he’s also quite powerful as he once beat someone up so badly that they had to go to hospital and he was charged with GBH. He’s also known to have a continuous string of girls, which supports the stereotype that he’s physically attractive as well as the fact that it implies that he’s quite womanizing and as he never has a steady girlfriend it also implies that he’s independent and doesn’t need anyone to rely on; this is also supported by the fact that he’s estranged from both his parents and doesn’t live with either of them. Additionally, he likes to have a pint down the pub with his friends – the pint is a typical stereotypical object associated with male characters. Even though his clothes might not be the most corporate or neatest of clothes, they are typical of men of that age, especially thuggish males who live on council estates, who expect power and respect, so by wearing this jacket he’s expecting this too; additionally the colour red connotes danger, suggesting danger and a ‘don’t mess with me’ attitude.  The camera angle appears to be a high-angle shot, which I wouldn’t expect for a stereotypical male image. Instead, I would shave expected a low angle shot, which would have made him look more powerful, however his pose seems animated and powerful as he’s holding his fist out and his face is slightly scrunched, suggesting that someone might have just said something slightly offending and he’s trying to emphasise his power and suggest that he’s dangerous.


Ben Mitchell

 Ben Mitchell from Eastenders challenges the male stereotype as firstly he wears glasses, which challenges the idea that men are physically strong and also suggests that he’s not physically attractive, which is supported by his weedy appearance. He’s also not that  independent as he constantly wants his fathers approval and will do anything to make him happy – a characteristic which is common in female roles, not male. Also, in the past, his storylines, such as being abused by his father’s girlfirend Stella, caused him to look vulneable and in need of protection from her,  has an interest in tap-dancing and is bullied by girls, which goes against the male norms, however he does react physically sometimes. Although he lives in the rough East End of London, you would expect him to be rouger and more of a typical stereotype, yet most of the time he’s sweet natured – that’s not to say that he isn’t violent thought, as he has in the past been violent towards famil members and hut some one so badly that he had fractured their skull, which resulted in him going to prison, where he was bullied once again, emphasising the fact that he isn’t physically strong and this a stereotypical male. The picture uses a high angle shot, which suggests that the character is vulnerable and also causes Ben to look inferior.



Rory Williams

I think Rory Williams from Doctor Who is most like me, despite the fact that he's a boy and I'm a girl, because firstly he's always one step behind The Doctor and Amy when they're trying to figure out what's happening and he doesn't get what's happening as much as they do, and sometimes when people are talking or going through a thought process that they're saying out loud I don't catch on until later. He also follows orders from respectable figures, or those he regards as higher up than him, causing him to not think a lot for himself, which I tend to do as I'm keen to follow what others are doing or telling me to do, causing me to be like Rory as we're both eager to please and eager to please in this sense. Unfortunately, Rory also needs to be rescued a lot, this connoting the idea that he needs to be looked after, which I see in myself. However, there are some honourable points in Rory, such as the fact that he brings comic value to the trio as he always has these silly one liners that cause the audience and sometimes both The Doctor and Amy to laugh at him, which I do a lot (all be it purposefully or not) and he's quite clever as he's a nurse so he as medical training and, due to being a nurse, the job suggests that he's quite caring and loving, which I like to think I am. As well as this, being a nurse isn't a typical job for a man so it suggests that Rory is quite unique in a way, however, because it's a strange profession for a man Rory has to sometimes prove himself because of it and show that he can be quite clever and as useful as an actual doctor, which I share as well.

Monday, 26 September 2011

Gender Representation Cont.

Feminism and the Male Gaze

Laura Mulvey
Women are there to look at. She sees the representation of women in lit and film and society in general as being dominated by a male point of view. Her belief is that the world is a patriarchy and that men have the ‘active’ roles and women ‘passive’

Traditionally
·         Men play active roles which drive the narrative
·         Women play the passive roles and are seen as erotic objects which slow the narrative down
·         Men far outnumber women
·         Female roles are side-lined
·         Lead roles for women scarce

Stereotypes
·         Bimbo
·         Females physical attractions such as figure and breasts to overpower the males
·         Easy
·         House wife
·         Mother
·         Intelligent yet willing to settle down

Male Gaze
·         Two distinct modes of the male gaze of this era: voyeuristic (looking at someone sexually/ actractively) and fetishistic
·         Mulvey argued that women were given two character types – sexually active and powerless female
·         Films presented images of women that were produced simply for the gratification of male viewers
·         Various studies in the 1970’s found men to be the dominant characters and decision makers in film and TV production

Importance?
When given important roles they are more likely to be represented as
·         Frightened
·         In need of protection and direction
·         Offering support of the male lead characters
·         Not independent or self-driven
·         Generally weaker
·         Still objective sexually

Changes in society
·         As women’s roles still change so does representation. Still objectified but also likely to be…
·         Career driven
·         Intelligent
·         Confident
·         Empowered
·         Able (violent)
Remember changes may be made cynically and in order to make money rather than change ideologies
·         How many female action stars aren’t attractive?

Misogyny
·         The contempt or hatred/ extreme sexist view of woman and girls. Derogatory
·         Example – Gene Hunt Life On Mars

Thursday, 22 September 2011

Representation

By definition, all media texts are re-presentations of reality. This means that they are intentionally composed, lit, written, framed, cropped, captioned, branded, targeted and censored by their producers, and that they are entirely artificial versions of the reality we perceive around us. When studying the media it is vital to remember this - every media form, from a home video to a glossy magazine, is a representation of someone's concept of existence, codified into a series of signs and symbols which can be read by an audience. However, it is important to note that without the media, our perception of reality would be very limited, and that we, as an audience, need these artificial texts to mediate our view of the world, in other words we need the media to make sense of reality. Therefore representation is a fluid, two-way process: producers position a text somewhere in relation to reality and audiences assess a text on its relationship to reality.

 

Masculine
Feminine
Aggressive
Corporate
Formal
Un emotional
Sexists
Hegemonic (dominant)
Bullies
Brave
Tall
Muscles

Make –up
‘Dumb blond’
Kooky
Emotional
Floral
Organised
Small
Vulnerable
Tart
Headstrong
Indecisive
Caring/ loving
Fashion conscious
Xbox
Football
PS3
Beer
Suits
Fags
Burgers
Chips
Hoody
Knife
Kebabs
Tools
Cars
Gadgets
DIY
Pies
Make-up
Clothes
Hair products
Credit Cards
Jewellery
Shoes
Sushi
Salad
Cocktails
Teddy Bears
Ballet
Kitchen
Shopping
Reading






Reception Theory - Stuart Hall (1970)

Reception Theory, at it's basic level, suggests that the media has coded layers of the characters, scenes etc, which we, the audience, then decode.


Apply this in exams. not write about it individually.


When analysing...

-Who produced it?
- What/who is being represented in the text?
- How is the thing represented?
- Why was this particular representaion (this shot, framed from this angle, this story phrased in these terms etc) selected, and what might the alternatives have been?
- What frame of referance does the audience use when understanding the representation?


Ways in which women are represented
- Beauty (within narrow conventions)
- Size/ physique ( again, within narrow conventions)
- Sexuality
- Emotional ( as apposed to intellectiual) dealings
- Relationships ( as opposed to independene/ freedom)

Ways in which men are represented
- Strength - physical and intellectual
- Power
- Sexual attractiveness (which may be based on the above)
- Physique
- Independence (of thought, action)

Monday, 19 September 2011

Production Rules

180 Degree Rule


The 180 Degree Rule is a basic guideline that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. Making sure that the characters are on the same side of the scene every time they're shot. If the camera passes over the imaginary axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line and has to show that it's moving, so not to confuse the viewer.. The new shot, from the opposite side, is known as a reverse angle.


Match-on-action


Match on action means that when something happens in the scene then when there is a cut the same piece of action must be going on, making the character's action seem fluent.. This is an example of continuity editing and is very important in helping the audience continually understand exactly what is happening



Shot Reverse Shot


Showing dialogue, either verbal or non verbal, where you'll look over the shoulder of one of the character's to see the other character's reaction and switch. It also shows narrative that's going to come into play. It can work from far away and close up


Eye-line Match


Eye - line match is used when the audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing. The eyeline match begins with a character looking at something off-screen, there will then be a cut to the object or person at which he is looking, showing what the actors are seeing/ from their view.

Tv Drama

A TV Drama is scripted and (normally) fictional and has a continuous story line so to keep the viewer interested and continue watching. It can be set in the past, present or future in some cases. Also the characters are easy to relate to as the story-lines aren't too far from real life and some characters are humorous or horribly evil, causing the viewer to want to see what they do next.





TV Dramas
Genre
Narrative
Channel
Time
Doctor Who
Sci – Fi fantasy for family
Monsters, good vs evil, adventure, time travel, different planets
BBC 1/3
7 pm
Skins
Teen drama
Drugs, alcohol, sexuality
E4
10pm
Misfits
Fantasy for teens
Good vs evil
E4
10pm
Eastenders
Soap drama
Murder, betrayal, divorce, relationships, money
BBC1/3
7.30/8pm
Hollyoaks
Soap drama
Murder, betrayal, divorce, relationships, money
E4/ Channel 4
4.30/ 6.30/7pm
Torchwood
Sci – Fi fantasy for teens and older
Monsters, good vs evil, relationships
BBC1/3
9pm
Holby City
Medical drama
Murder, ill patients, relationships, money
BBC1
9pm
Casualty
Medical drama
Murder, ill patients, relationships, money
BBC1
8pm
Desperate Housewives
Family/ neighbourhood drama
Murder, betrayal, divorce, relationships, money
E4/ Channel 4
9/10pm
90210
Teen drama
Betrayal, fall outs, drugs, pregnancy, alcohol, lies, secrets
E4/ Channel 4
9pm
Downton Abby
Period drama
Secrets, war, loss of money, relationships, scandal
ITV1
8/9pm
Upstairs, Downstairs
Period drama
Secrets, war, loss of money, relationships, scandal
BBC1
9pm
Silent Witness
Crime drama
Murder, investigation, danger
BBC1
9pm
Waterloo Road
School drama
Betrayal, fall outs, drugs, pregnancy, alcohol, lies, secrets
BBC1
8pm
One Tree Hill
School drama/ soap
Betrayal, fall outs, drugs, pregnancy, alcohol, lies, secrets
E4
9pm
Waking the Dead
Crime drama
Murder, investigation, danger
BBC1
9pm
Sherlock
Crime drama
Good vs evil, investigation, murder, humour
 BBC1
 9pm